Synthesis,and Study of Gemini Surfactants as Demulsifier for Treatment (okładka  miękka)

In recent years, there is an increasing in novel forms of surfactants, particularly in Gemini surfactants. In these investigation, five Cationic Gemini surfactants were prepared (C10 - 2BU - C10), (C10 - 2DI - C10), (C12 - 2BU - C12), (C14 - 2SU - C14) and (C14 - 2Pr - C14). Then these compounds were identified by FT - IR, C.H.N., GC - MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. It was found that novel quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactants with hydroxyl groups which consist of two conventional surfactants joined by a spacer at the head group. The CMC and HLB were determined for the prepared surfactants to evaluate them. Where these surfactants are superior to the corresponding conventional surfactants in a number of aspects such as a lower critical micelle concentration (CMC), a higher efficiency in reducing the oil/water interfacial tension.Effective separation of water-in-crude oil emulsions is a central challenge for the oil industry, especially with the future increase in down-hole processing of well-fluids. So that five demulsifiers were prepared (2BU - C10), (2DI - C10), (2BU - C12), (2SU - C14) and (2Pr - C14) in different concentrations(10, 20, 30, 40, 50) ppm.